MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING
INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (FIELD
RESEARCH AT PT GUDANG GARAM TBK)
Hapsi Ali 1, Ahmad Resha
Farhan 2,
1 Professor Of Management Information Systems University Of Mercu
Buana Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Student of Universitas Mercu Buana,
Jakarta Indonesia
Abstract A: the value of information
is worth more than the value of the investment. Therefore, in making an
informed needed a system that could make a precise and accurate information. Management
information systems need to be defined in more detail in order to get more
specific information, particularly for production (manufacturing). Manufacturing
information systems can support the overall manufacturing activity to produce a
product that both in terms of time, cost and quality. The object of this research
is the PT Gudang Garam Tbk JL. a. Yani
General 75-79 Jakarta 10510-Indonesia(representative offices). The
research is to analyze the effect of manufacturing information system to
improve effectiveness and efficiency in the company's operations.
Keywords: Management
Information System, Manufacturing Information Systems.
.
I. INTRODUCTION
The industrialized world has always been
connecting our thinking to a procedure of input, process, output. The data is an input that will
eventually become a information through a process commonly referred to as
management system Database Management System (DBMS). Management information system (SIM)
became the primary device the printer information for decision-making for the
development of perusahwithan.
Manufacturing companies need information to make the
wheels of industry. Without
accurate information, the company cannot determine the policies, decisions,
regulations can even support the improvement or development of the company. Therefore, manufacturing companies
need to have a specialized information system on a Department or part
manufacturing.
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
System information contains important information about people,
places, and all
the things that exist in
the in or in the neighborhoods surrounding
the organization. Information itself containsa meaning that is data that has
been processed to in a form that more has meaning and can
be used for the
taking of decisions. The Data itself is the
facts that represent a State, condition, or event thatoccurred or existed in in or on the physical
environment of the organization. Data not be directly used for the
taking of decisions, but
rather should
be processed further in
the past so
that it can
beunderstood, and then utilized in the taking of decisions.
Every information system serves three principal: 1)
collection and data entry, 2) the storage and retrieval of returns (retrieval) data, and 3) application data, in terms
of system informationterkomputer includes impressions (the display) (Lynch, LG. 1977). According to O'Brien (2005) management
information system is a combination of a regular among
the people, hardware, software,
network and data resources (the
fifth element is called the
component information
system) that collect,
transform and disseminate information in organizations like on picture 1.
Figure 1. Component
Information System
II. RESEARCH METHODS
A
method of qualitative study with literature and empirical experience in the
last 3 years, as well as observations on
the object of research of PT Gudang Garam, Tbk, Jakarta and on unit Analysis
Department/section of the SIM.
III. THE RESULT OF THE DISCUSSION
MANUFACTURING INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Manufacturing information
system (SIMa) included within the framework of the system
Information management (SIM) as a whole. Sima more emphasis to production process occurring in a production floor, ranging from raw material input to the output of finished goods, taking into account all the processes going on.
Information management (SIM) as a whole. Sima more emphasis to production process occurring in a production floor, ranging from raw material input to the output of finished goods, taking into account all the processes going on.
Figure 1. Flow chart of Data into information to
SIMa
Input
Internal company data is
internal data that supports the overall system processing the data into useful
information. This data includes the human resources (HR), materials,
machines, and other things that support the overall production processes such
as transport, material quality specification, the frequency of treatments, and
others.
External Data is data that
companies come from outside the company (environment) that supports the
processing of data into useful information. Examples of external data is
the data suppliers (supplier), the Government's policy on the UMR, electricity,
etc. These Data are usually
useful for the calculation of the cost in manufacturing ranging from beginning
until the end of the process. This initial data can be obtained from the
very beginning the company stands as well as at the time of the production
process takes place, then the required data are documented in a database. Because
of the abstract and the amount of data that has to be didokumentasi, then we
should be able to define the end goal of information shall we create. Parties
top management (Executive) should provide guidelines to the information
management to create an information system that is wanted. After that, the
information management may decide to gather data such as what is to be able to
generate information as expected by the party Executive.
Process
Processing of data into
information is always identified with the Database Management System (DBMS). DBMS or management
data, where the data must be guaranteed the accuracy, currency, availability,
and security for the users, the aim in the use of the information does not
happen confusion. Activities that occur in the data management is:
1. The collection
(documenting) data
2. Testing data,
not the data inconsistencies occur
3. Maintenance of
the data, to ensure the accuracy and recency of data.
4. Data security, to avoid
damage and abuse
the data.
the data.
5. Data capture,
could be in the form of reports, to facilitate the processing of data to
another. As well as input data, processing of data into
information entails using a special calculation method that suits the
needs of the industries concerned. When we do not know the wishes of the
Executive information, processing the data may give rise to cost the inefektif
and inefeksiensi.
Output
The information generated from the data processing results need to be classified on the basis of several subsystems. In this case, company classifying output data into 3 parts are inventory, production and quality, where all three of these elements does not leave costs that occur in it.
· Inventory
Subsystem definition
supplies any product existing in the company either stored or will be required. Inventory
subsystem provides the amount of stock, the cost of holding, safety stock, and
others based on the results of the data processing of the input. Subsystem
supplies usually have purchase process (purchasing) and storage (inventory). Other
processes can be developed according to needs of the company, but both this
process is enough to represent the entire process in a subsystem of inventory. In
the process of purchasing, management of information documenting the process of
the selection of the supplier until the arrival of the materials from the
supplier and then processed in the production floor. The purchasing
process for the supply calculated by considering the correlation
between purchase and storage.When a small amount of storage, then the frequency
of purchase it is estimated more and more (quantity of products that are a bit)
and the cost of getting bigger. But when a large amount of storage, then
the frequency of purchase of a little (with the quantity of a product that a
lot) and the cost can be suppressed, but storage costs also increased. The
reverse comparison between this need and the purchase of storage is calculated
to find the optimal point for purchase and optimal point for storage to prevent
swelling prices. The process also has a role
in storage subsystem supplies. Too many storage (excessive) can result in
costs (maintenance, damage, etc.), so the quantity estimated in accordance with
the necessary storage capacity of the warehouse.
· Production
Produksi Subsystem is
documented and made an information to support executives in determining her
decision. The definition of the production subsystem is any thing relevant
to the process that occurs at each work station or Department. The information necessary
for a user is the production scheduling (scheduling) and transaction
(transaction) between work stations. Production scheduling takes into
account the data demand and production capacity. This Data can be retrieved
from the marketing, knowing the upcoming market forecasting, so the product
isn't too much or too disedikit produced. In addition to dealing with
marketing, production scheduling associated with the Human Resource in terms of
the number of employees who work, qualification of employees, shift work, etc. Although
the number of employees slightly, when qualifying well, then any
production-quality results. Therefore, the performance of workers
determine the scheduling of production. The Bill of materials (BOM)
associated with the scheduling of production. The close relationship
between scheduling and inventory can be direlasikan through bombs. Inventory
levels will affect the production schedule, so BOMB every product needs to be
specified in order not to delay the production occurs. The delay components
of each product can be seen from the results of the data processing, so that
any errors can be corrected for the next scheduling period. Linkages
between the working station need to be supported by the system. Just In
Time (JIT) into a system that is
quite well known in the company as a result of information processing that will
reduce the delay in the delivery of the product to the next work station system
(kanban). In the decision, the matter needs to be documented every
transaction process (the current take, receive, returns between work stations)
happens to keep the delivery error is likely to occur, the damage on the
delivery time, etc. Any transaction processing system documentation need
to set storage WIP and finished goods which will be processed further in order
to avoid damage to the product or something.
· The quality of the
Quality Subsystem has a
very complex definition. All things related to quality, good time, cost,
performance of work, as well as the selection of the supplier. Many other
things are not the absolute definition of quality but needs to be included in
such a process of quality of care. The didokumentasi process in this
subsystem is the process control (ProcessC ontrol), maintenance (Maintenance),
and specification (Specification) both finished product or material. There
are still many other things that need to be didokumentasi, but overall, three
process can reflect the quality of products produced. Process of care
included in part because of the quality of the process are the biggest
distractions on the floor of the production was due to the problem of engine
maintenance. The process of treatment is associated with the age of the
machine, as well as economically related to the duration of the treatment is
done. Information on the treatment process will strongly support the
penjadualan production, so it's not a product is largely determined by the
desires of the consumer. Consumer satisfaction standard has translated
into specifications, and specifications be too muchdpreemption (termination of
proceedings) at each work station. Production processes that occur at each
work station need to be didokumentasi so you can eventually become informed,
work stations which are the most influential to the quality of the product at
this time. This determination can be done with the recording of product
defects that occur at each work station. The quality of a product's
quality benchmarks. The resulting product specification documentation can
be a benchmark of the quality of the production process that are running at the
moment. Information on product specifications that exist today can become
the strategic thinking to the company policy in the future.
· The cost of the
Cost components included in
all existing subsystems. The purpose of manufacturing companies in general
are achieving profits from sales of its products. Therefore, a system of
information will never occur regardless of cost elements in it. Manufacturing
information systems chart above illustrate that the cost component of the whole
output consist of such information, and the cost of each component is also
included in the subsystem. That is, in generating information for each
subsystem requires great costs and at the same time there is a cost that can be
reduced from the results of the information obtained from the system adaOleh
because abstract and the amount of data that has to be didokumentasi, then we
should be able to define the end goal of information shall we create. Parties
top management (Executive) should provide guidelines to the information
management to create an information system that is wanted. After that, the
information management may decide to gather data such as what is to be able to
generate information as expected by the party Executive.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning )
An ERP system is a term given to the information systems
that support the daily operations of the transaction or in the management of
company resources. These resources include funds, human, machinery, spare
parts, material, time and capacity. ERP system was divided into
several sub-systems, namely Financial Systems, distribution systems,
Manufacturing Systems, and Human Resource Systems. Commercial ERP
system examples: SAP, Baan, Oracle, Peoplesoft, and JD IFS. Edwards. In
addition it wrong one ERP
system open source which is popular nowadays is Compiere.
Standard
modules are usually integrated in an ERP system at least minimally consists of:
a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Is an information system that is used for integrated planning,
scheduling, and controlling the activities prapenjualan and pascapenjualan in an organization. CRM covers all aspects relating to
potential customers and current customers, including call centre (call center),
sales force (sales force), marketing, technical support (technical support) and field (field service).
b. Financial Resource Management (FRM)
The module is a module that
serves to collect and manage the entire financial data so that it is able to
present a report of the results of the relationship data from some departments. module-modulnya
amongst others; General Accounting, Financial Accounting, Controlling,
Investment Management, Treasury, Controlling and Enterprise.
c. Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Functionally Logistics
Module used to process procurement, sales and distribution
of logistics which is
used by the company. The goal of the SCM was to do the
effectiveness and efficiency of the startingof suppliers, manufacturers, warehouse and stores. SCM is actually a module that became the focus of a cutting edge in the development of
an ERP system. The application of SCM is good by making use of the Internet is a
solution that is very effective in cost
savings company. The planning process to optimize the storage and use
of logistics is very helpful in improving the prediction of demand and
efficiency for the company. Module-modulnya among others are: General
Logistics, Sales and Distribution, Materials Management, Logistics
Execution, Quality Management, Plant Maintenance, Customer Service, Production
Planning and Control, Project System, Environment Management
d. HRM (Human Resource Management)
Human resources is the
greatest asset a company requires good management
and measurable from start recruitment, penjadualan and processing of salary. Works
related business routine source of humanresources such
as salary payments, management expenses,
duty assignments outside the Office, bonus/compensation, recruitment to the
planning needs of the workforce can be managed by this module.Modulnya include: Personnel
Management, Personnel Time Management, Payroll, Training and Event Management,
Organizational Management, Travel Managementt.
e. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)
The evolution of the
Material Requirements Planning (MRP), which include additional factors such as
long-term planning, master schedulling, rough cut capacity planning and shoop floor control. MRP Ihad
place the elements of oversight and reporting. After
the MRP I realized that many companies have to be combined, among others,
finance, forecasting, sales order, sales analysis, distribution, quality
control and the reporting and surveillance system further. This was later
known as the concept of.
ERP (Enterprise
Resources Planning).
Figure 2. ERP(Enterprise Resources Planning
ERP Will Be Supporting the Industry Specific
The manufacturing industry will no longer be the only
industries that require the ERP. We
have been able to see that specific industries such as telecommunications,
multi-level Marketing, power companies or Mining can use ERP. Also increasingly often seen is the
service industry (Service) such as hospitality, hospitals, banking, insurance,
which also use
the ERP.
It is not surprising if one day, the school, the
Department of Justice, Department of Defense, even government agencies such as
the Office of a gubernuran can also use the ERP. With all the limitations of the power source from the ERP vendors,
then feature that is designed for a specific industry will
be limited as
well. There is an ERP that is more suitable for the
industry A, there
is a to
B industries, but there can be no ERP that is suitable for all industries. Will be how spesifikkah? The ERP vendor will always find a
point of balance so that its products do not become too specific until it is
not acceptedby the industry are extensive . The industry should be
careful in choosing
ERP that fits.
The benefits of implementing an
ERP as part of Technology information
The following are the benefits with
diaplikasikannya ERP for the company:
a. Integration
of financial
data
To integrate financial data so that top management can
see and control the financial performance of the company with the better.
b. Standardization
Of Process Operations
Menstandarkan the process of operations through the
implementation of best practice so
that an increase in productivity, reduced inefficiency and increased the
quality of the
product.
c. The
standardization of Data and Information
Menstandarkan data and information through the uniformity
of reporting, especially for larger companies that typically consists of many
business units with the number and different types of business reply
Factors supporting the
ERP in Company
a. Featured
Like the terbahas in Part I, the
device software that belongs
to the
ERP was generally designed so that it can provide solutions for any type of
industry (horizontal solution). But,
in fact, any industry that had its own characteristics. This led to the emergence of the
functions or features in ERP which is specific to a
particular industry (vertical solution).
On the other hand, the theory in ERP itself is also
undergoing a process of evolution along with the growing demands of consumers
and the development of technology. For
example: the demands of Inventory Reduction be In-Process demands
Zero-Inventory, from Batch Manufacturing into Just-In-Time Manufacturing, from
the concept of Routing into the concept of Synchronising.
By that, because the
features you need in
your everyday operations
should be supported by the selected ERP. Sometimes
we see some nice features that are based
on new theories, we need to carefully assess whether it can be applied to a new
feature on the condition it is today. Always
remember that we are in Indonesia
has a culture all its own. Misinterpretations
or false vote based on the factorsfeatures will cause chaos and even hamper the
operations of
the company. Indeed many companies who planted
a time for assessment . Suitable or not usually also can we investigate
from the list of consumers who have been wearing the ERP industry and whether
consumers were similar with our industry.
hamper the operations of
the company. Indeed many companies who planted
a time for assessment . Suitable or not usually also can we investigate
from the list of consumers who have been wearing the ERP industry and whether
consumers were similar with our industry.
b. Technology
One of the leading ERP
industry analyst has said ' If you select an ERP, you should see the technology that is used behind them '. Unfortunately, many users are selecting the
ERP has
not necessarilygive enough
attention on it . As those techniques, I can understand how difficult
it is if an application whose scale ERP should
be designed birthday with new
technology.
Like many other things,
there is technology that Sunrise and Sunset is nothing. Remember you with Fotran, PDP-11,
Pascal, Cobol, Wordstar which was only ten years ago appeared in every
curriculum Computer Science in University
of us, if there are new applications that
are built with a
language that,
these days?. To find out where
the Sunrise and the Sunset which is a challenge for the MIS/EDP Department are usually more ter- update compared to other
departments . Unfortunately, it's usually the
selection of ERP that is driven from
the party the
user (users) are more focused to feature,
so the factor of
technology is
usually ignored. Akitbatnya, there
was a
problem at a
later date as the number of companies in Indonesia who
are ' stuck ' with the
name of
the system '
legacy '.
c. source of Power Man
As powerful as any of our technology today, ERP remains only rudimentary human as expected. Therefore, no matter how successful
ERP which we select
from overseas, in our
country it would not necessarily be the way if not supported by the local
support that is strong. We should be really carefully
selecting vendors who can
commit to what they have to offer: for other ERP packages very handle compared
to handle sales of PC or a desktop software package.
d. Infrastructure
Infrastructure in this regard including the
system for
supporting the
implementation of an ERP project. For
example: does the
vendor provide Help Desk; does the vendor have procedures (standard operating
procedure/methodology) in the
implementation of an ERP system; do
vendors find out what steps that must be taken at the time of customization,
whether a vendor could explain what steps must be taken before the system '
go- live
', for
example.
The Application Of ERP In PT Gudang Garam Tbk
The construction of the Foundation of the
system of TI in PT GUDANG
GARAM TBK. actually started the
year 1992; whereas the
transition from the
pattern of local area network
(LAN) to the wide area network (WAN) recently conducted in 1995. After that, the corporate business
applications become the focus of attention next. After going through the process of screening, managementdecided to use
the ERP
application from
Oracle (which is
still used up
to now). "PT Gudang garam Tbk. was
indeed wearing Oracle. At this
time, to integrate his system. Planning,
Development & Systems PT Gudang garam Tbk., the use of Oracle ERP that
includes almost all important business processes, ranging from accounting and finance, manufacturing, and
procurement of goods and finished
goods management. Business units
within the auspices of PT Gudang garam Tbk. also use application developed to
complement ERP solution. Evidence
of modern it systems already in PT Gudang Garam Tbk. the system also looks at
the supply chain (supply chain management). Check out the course, tens of
thousands of tobacco
farmers PT Gudang Garam Tbk. everything is managed with the help of it, i.e.
the system -based bar code. In the bar code it recorded the
name of the farmer, wide petaknya, type
of tobacco and varietasnya, and so on. So,
when the harvest, tobacco (wrapped) was to be sent with the bar code. So, in the shelter – i.e. in Lombok and Madura – yields
above can already directly scanned (scan), so no need to have officers who
noted again. Barcoding systems
have been applied in the purchase activities of materials and processes in the
warehouse. barcoding system used since grade leaf tobacco produced
different farmers. Currently, PT
Gudang Garam Tbk. consuming 60-70 thousand tons of dried tobacco per year. Unfortunately, Angky claimed to not remember widespread land total which was
used by the farmers who
supply tobacco panennya create PTGudang Garam Tbk. As an overview, per hectare
the vineyards could produce tobacco 15-20 tons. In accordance with the process, the
tobacco leaves are harvested
will be stored in the
warehouse for 18-24 months so that experiencing a process
of natural fermentation. Sophisticated Technology ever been used PT
Gudang Garam Tbk. in pabrik-pabriknya. Start of the
activities of the operational factories, blending machine to
test cigarettes, already uses the system of robotics. That way, the process of its analysis
no longer use taste, but rather wear data, so that the quality of the product
can be the same. If wearing the
taste and smell of man,
its quality will not be the same. In
addition, the numbers are a lot. Just
imagine, for one mortar accounted 15 tons. It
is not possible (done) by humans. So, in PT Gudang Garam Tbk. that, from upstream to
downstream already
versatile electronics. Armed with
a system that is quite
sophisticated, PT Gudang Garam Tbk defending what is already well underway,to
improve the situation. Development
of the network infrastructure by adding the connection to the branch office
sales and warehousing which is not yet connected, totaling about 30 offices. Another change is the application of
the methodology of the project to all it project in PT Gudang Garam Tbk.
Strategies
of PT Gudang Garam Tbk. more on the consolidated application system that exists, and give a response on
the demand of the new business. For
example, doing stardardisasi business
processes with ERP
solution implements the same ones used by PT Gudang Garam Tbk. to all business
units. The process of
consolidation and integration
of applications continued – in conjunction with the
implementation of business systems that recently – allowing them
can monitor critical performance indicators (Key Performance Indicator) and
better. For example, the problem
of efficiency in back
office operations at PT Gudang Garam Tbk Systems IT was among others was
able to reduce the level
of overtime, in addition to the
salesman and administrative
staff can complete the job faster. Now
PT Gudang Garam Tbk can
see sales performance and the
movement of inventory in the
right time. And, we can improve the
service to customers. Although the
application of TI is already planned for the
long term, should PT Gudang garam Tbk. always do
small changes to help achieve success of the implementation of this new
software package. After the
Division of IT separately from the
company, the most important part of the
company 's new it should still pay close attention to
the activities of maintenance of the it systems of PT Gudang garam Tbk. without
closing the opportunity to serve other companies. For services that provided PT Gudang garam Tbk., can give the
price of whatthe called method
of transfer pricing so that new
companies that can arrange
his own. The implementation of an
ERP system is a process that is continuous. So begins has not been retired and is
no longer possible there is apoint of perfection. That there is
merely a process of refinement that
is not at a standstill. Thus the assessment
of ERP also must
be done with earnest. A lot of factors that need to be thought
out in
the selection of
the ERP. In General, the
ERP that went to Indonesia's
already proven its success. But
success in other
countries could not necessarily be a guarantee for us. The issue of human resources and
infrastructures is also becoming determinants of ERP will develop continuously in
accordance with the
demands of the consumers. A clear development
of ERP in the future this will be
a heavy emphasis-on a few things, namely, more support, more customer service
support specific industry vertical (vertical industry), and also more supportive
of the process of taking a
decision (decision support). ERP's future will also be more flexible
in its implementation, usage and the
way of financing. So are a lot of
benefits for PT Gudang garam Tbk. in building technology information throughout
the sector can with easy-to- get
information what
is just that they need as
well as a Company capable ofdirectly can
respond in Quickly responding
to the changing smoking
recipes. After the
ERP applied, the entire information data can
be with a
quick coordinated to all departments. When a staff requires a
computer and newmanagers are not there in
the Office and had to wait to ask
for approval, this is
the wrong one thing
which is not efficient. After IT
is applied, it staff can directly inform over the network so that managers can
directly give approval, so that the existence of such barriers to information
technology can already be addressed. PT
Gudang garam Tbk plans to build IT in
the long term as well as allocate funds amounting
to US
$ 5 million per year. Development of a pun is not
just done by the team of IT internal and regional,
but aided by many vendors, both from outside the
country as well as local, such
as IBM,
Sigma and Mitrais. Development of TI was intended so
that business processes more
effective, accurate and fast. Pengguanaan
IT could provide important benefits for PT Gudang Garam Tbk., i.e. the adoption
of a tool or
a new technology which possibly tested. That is, as long as this it
infrastructure and technology am already very famous and become a best practice
in the industry. In practice in
the field of technology, it will take effect on all
levels of PT GUDANG GARAM TBK. For
top level would be useful in the analysis and decision making; and for middle-level function in the
control and operational analysis; While in the lower
level could simplify the process. End-end,
will increase efficiency and productivity. In
addition, it automatically will awaken a new more positive culture, and
supporting the performance of the company.
IV. CONCLUSION
The application of ERP in PT Gudang garam Tbk.
conclusions as follows:
The
application of ERP in a company must be a strategic policy at the level of top
management and supported by every element that exists within the company. ERP has been
able to meet some of the long-term target before deadline. As shown in the operation net income
growth. With increased sales,
meaning the company has managed to implement an efficient process. This process begins by the level of
accuracy of the data that is controlled by the ERP. A similar thing can be seen on the
timeliness of delivery, the use of internal standards and reports the average
error incurred by employees. These
indicators have proved that ERP directs the process on the matter.
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